Designing wireless sensor networks should meet appropriate parameters such as quality of service (QoS) defined by different users. The variable physical conditions of the environment, processing and transmission power limitations and limited communication capabilities are the most important obstacles that influence QoS parameters such as throughput, delay, reliability and network lifetime. The most important PROBLEMs that directly have destructive effects on these parameters are HIDDEN and exposed NODE PROBLEMs. These PROBLEMs extremely decrease throughput and increase delay and power consumption in the network. This paper proposes a new and efficient method to decrease the mentioned PROBLEMs that relies on clustering, grouping and subgrouping strategy. Then different transmission powers are allocated to different NODEs depending on their hierarchy level to communicate in their active time slots to decrease power consumption. This mechanism has been simulated by OPNET on IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee.

Purpose: HIDDEN caries is a term used to describe occlusal dentine caries that is missed on a visual examination, but can be detected by bitewing radiographs. The aim of this study is the review of new studies about this lesion and presentation the ways for diagnosis, prevention and treatmen of this lesion.Review of Literature: Investigations believe that the etiology of this lesion is the morphology of occlusal fissures and also topical fluoride use. Diagnosis of HIDDEN caries is difficult and need to use the diagnostic tools such as bitewing radiographs. Investigators have shown the prevalence of HIDDEN caries is between 1.4% to 15% of occlusal surfaces of permanent molars that have diagnosed as sound teeth. Prevention of this lesion is taken by fissure sealing soon after eruption and treatment is taken by amalgam or composite restoration. It is suggested to investigate about the prevalence of HIDDEN caries in our country.

The PROBLEM of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic PROBLEM of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic PROBLEM is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the PROBLEM of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the PROBLEM of personal identity.

Essential genes and proteins as their products encode the basic func-tions of a cell in a variety of conditions and are vital for the survival of a cell. Ana-lyzing the characteristics of these proteins provides important biological information. An interesting analysis is to demonstrate the correlation between the topological importance of a protein in protein-protein interaction networks and its essentiality. Di, erent centrality criteria such as degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centralities are used to investigate such a correlation. Despite the remarkable re-sults obtained by these methods, it is shown that the centrality criteria in scale-free networks show a high level of correlations which indicate that they share similar topo-logical information of the networks. In this paper, we use a di, erent approach for analyzing this correlation and use a well-known PROBLEM in the , eld of graph theory, Critical NODE Detection PROBLEM and solve it on the protein-protein interaction net-works to obtain a subset of proteins called critical NODEs which have the most e, ect on the network stability. Our results show that essential proteins have a more promi-nent presence in the set of critical NODEs than what is expected at random samples. Furthermore, the essential proteins represented in the set of critical NODEs have a di, erent distribution of topological properties compared to the essential proteins re-covered by the centrality-based methods. All the source codes and data are available at \http: //bioinformatics. aut. ac. ir/CNDP PPI networks/".

In this paper, we study the location routing PROBLEM with intermediate replenishment facilities (LRPIRF), an extension of the location routing PROBLEM (LRP), where the vehicles can replenish at some intermediate facilities. Vehicles leave the depot with load on-board, serve customers until out of load, may return to an intermediate facility to replenish, and finally return to the depot, completing their route. In this paper, we initiate a mathematical mixed integer programming model with new kind of subtour elimination constraints for this PROBLEM. Moreover, the facility location phase is considered besides vehicle routing phase in our PROBLEM. The objective of the PROBLEM is to find routes for vehicles to serve all customers at a minimal cost in terms of total travel cost and total facility location cost, without violating the capacity constraint of the vehicles. The solution to the LRPIRF is obtained through CPLEX solver in commercial software GAMS 23.5.1, Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search algorithm. Computational results are obtained on a set of randomly generated instances and indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in terms of solution time and quality.

In Kant and the PROBLEM of Metaphysics (KPM), Heidegger shows how the initial image-making power of the imagination is pictorial in the pure image of time. He further clarifies the recognized link between the syntheses and the time-visualizing power of images which is pictorial formative power, which can visualize time. The three syntheses of imagination are replaced with the modes of existence of Dasein. Three kinds of photographs resemble the images produced when the transcendental imagination functions as Dasein. We can address the ways to visualize time by considering Dasein with a photographic preoccupation through 1. A possible look in the form of presentation (a photograph shows an immediate look of a house or person as intuitable this-here); 2. An immediate look of the thing, house, or deceased person, as well as a copy or its reproduction as a death mask; and, 3. The manner of contemplation of a likeness is an immediate look of a being present in the form of representation.

Considering the importance of solidarity as a theoretical and political structure and its connection with social harmony, acceptability and political legitimacy, the present research has conceptualized and formulated the PROBLEM of solidarity in the context of Iran's multi-ethnic society through the mediation of existing studies. . In the current research, the hybrid method has been used. The sample and statistical population of the research includes selected qualitative studies that have investigated the issue of solidarity and its dimensions in Iran from different aspects and perspectives in the period from 1372 to 1398. After searching in different databases, 500 related articles, books and research reports were identified and finally 54 sources were selected to perform the meta-combination method. Based on the synthesis of studies, solidarity in the multi-ethnic society of Iran has found a PROBLEMatic situation. The results of the research confirm that the coordinates of solidarity in Iranian society are based on structural contexts and conditions. The main field in which the issue of solidarity in Iran should be established is the acceptance of a reality called "reliability and stability of cultural diversity". Based on the meta-combination of studies, the coordinates of solidarity in Iran's multi-ethnic society, due to "intercultural affinities", "disruption and non-inclusion in ethnic policies", "instability and imbalance of development", "inefficiency of ethnic political management" and "identification disorder". In the meantime, "cultural globalization", "taking role models from ethnic elites", "geopolitics of ethnic areas and transnational interventions" and "ethnic extension" are considered as intervening conditions. Despite the fact that ethnic and religious diversity is recognized as a central sign in the constitution, with this definition, political agents have sometimes resorted to strategies that social suffering and extroversion has formed in ethnic communities.